Lessons learned from the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake in disaster management
10th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Frontiers of Earthquake Engineering, NCEE 2014, Alaska, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, 21 - 25 Temmuz 2014, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
- Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
- Doi Numarası: 10.4231/d3804xk5b
- Basıldığı Şehir: Alaska
- Basıldığı Ülke: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
- Maltepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır
Özet
It is not possible to predict the time and location of the next big earthquake, but the active geology of world guarantees that major damaging earthquakes will continue to occur. Scientists have estimated where large earthquakes are most likely to occur, and the probable levels of ground shaking to be expected. With these informations, as well as information on soil properties and landslide potential, it is possible to estimate earthquake risks in any given area. It is also possible to estimate the potential for earthquakes to generate tsunamis, and to model the tsunamis as a disaster [6]. Alaska has a population of approximately 710.000 and a land area of 586.400 square miles. Alaska is 1/5 of the size of the Lower 48 States, and is larger than the next three largest states (Texas, California and Montana) combined [16]. Alaska has changed significantly since the damaging 1964 earthquake, and the population has more than doubled. The Federal Emergency Management Agency estimates that with the present infrastructure and policies, Alaska will have the second highest average annualized earthquake loss ratio in the United States of America. Reducing those losses requires public commitment to earthquake conscious design, and construction. The San Francisco (1989), Northridge (1994) and Nisqually (2001) earthquakes caused comparatively low losses as a result of mitigation measures implemented in those areas. The lesson is clear for all communities and countries in earthquake prone regions that the presence of an active fault, such as the San Andreas in California, or North Anatolian fault in Istanbul, Turkey, constitutes only one of the dangers from future earthquakes [14]. A lessons learned case study is done for Alaska in the meaning of disaster management by comparing it with a recent disaster which is Van, Turkey 2011 Earthquake.